Question&Answer

Which of the following is an example of antagonism in pharmacology?

Probenecid enhancing the effect of Penicillin

Aspirin and ibuprofen increasing anti-inflammatory effects

Adrenaline and propranolol balancing each other’s effects

Morphine and naloxone working together

All of the following are GMP objectives, EXCEPT:

Supporting intended use

Improving financial returns

Covering matters that influence product quality

Ensuring product quality

All of the following are GMP principles EXCEPT:

Control components and product-related processes

Expand advertising strategies

Design, develop and demonstrate job competence

Protect against contamination

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of anticholinergic toxicity?

Glaucoma

Tachycardia

dry mouth and constipation

Bradycardia

What is the first step in the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid?

Conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine

Conversion of xanthine to uric acid

Conversion of hypoxanthine to adenosine

Conversion of xanthine to hypoxanthine

What is the main strategy for preventing repeated gout attacks?

Treating each attack with NSAIDs

Reducing serum uric acid levels with long-term medications

Increasing the intake of purine-rich foods

Using steroids daily

Which of the following is not a renal adverse drug reaction associated with NSAIDs?

Hematuria

Albuminuria

Increased renal function

All of above

Codeine is less addictive than which opioid?

Morphine

Fentanyl

Heroin

Oxycodone

What is the typical dosage range for oral indomethacin tablets?

10-20 mg

50-100 mg

200-300 mg

5-15 mg

Which of the following dihydropyridines is typically administered once daily?

Amlodipine (Norvasc)®

Isradipine

Nifedipine (Adalat)®

Felodipine

Disorders of cardiac rhythm can be divided into which of the following categories?

Abnormal automaticity and abnormal conduction

Abnormal heart rate and abnormal blood pressure

Abnormal relaxation and abnormal contraction

Abnormal pacemaker and abnormal valves

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Cholestyramine?

Constipation

Lowering blood cholesterol directly

Increased faecal excretion of bile acids

Affects absorption of vitamins and drugs

What is the primary action of β-adrenergic blockers?

They stimulate α-receptors to increase blood pressure.

They inhibit the effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on β-receptors.

They enhance the release of norepinephrine.

They act as vasodilators by blocking α-receptor

Which of the following is true about the action of Albuterol (Salbutamol)?

It selectively stimulates β1 receptors, making it a cardiac stimulant.

It selectively stimulates β2 receptors, making it an effective bronchodilator.

It is a strong α1 agonist, leading to vasoconstriction.

It has no effect on the heart or lungs.

Which of the following drugs bind to sympathetic postganglionic receptors and mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

Parasympathomimetic

Ganglionic-blocker

Sympathomimetic

Sympatholytic

Which of the following is a disadvantage of subcutaneous (SC) administration?

High bioavailability

Slow absorption

Immediate drug effect

Suitable for irritating drugs

he effectiveness of a competitive antagonist depends on:

The concentration of the antagonist only

The concentration of the agonist only

The temperature of the environment

Both the concentration of the agonist and antagonist

What is the main therapeutic use of antimetabolites in medicine?

To relieve pain

To treat cancer by inhibiting cell multiplication

To manage hypertension

All of the above

What is the primary purpose of a loading dose?

To maintain a drug concentration within the therapeutic range over time.

To achieve a therapeutic effect rapidly without causing toxicity.

To eliminate the drug from the body more quickly.

To adjust the drug concentration based on side effects.

If a dose is too high, what is a possible outcome?

It may produce adverse effects without additional benefits

It will enhance the drug's effectiveness

It will always lead to a lethal dose

It will be less effective than a lower dose

Which of the following is Correct Factors may affect drug doses ?

Type of the drug

Patient condition and severity of illness

Give Mixture of Drugs

All of the above

What is the mechanism of action of Leuprolide?

It blocks estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells.

It acts as a progesterone receptor agonist.

It is a GnRH agonist, causing continuous inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

It stimulates the release of testosterone in men.

All of the following describe Quality Assurance EXCEPT:

Prevent defects with a focus on the process

It is a proactive quality process

Identify and correct defects in finished products

Establish a good quality management system

Which second-generation antihistamine is a metabolite of loratadine?

Desloratadine

Fexofenadine

Cetirizine

Diphenhydramine

Which of the following antihistamines is used as an antiemetic?

Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

Both a and b

Cetirizine

Which of the following is not a location where H2 histamine receptors are found?

Bronchial smooth muscle

Blood vessels

Stomach

Heart

The steps of the experiment include all of the following EXCEPT:

Dissolve aspirin in alcohol

Titrate with known concentration of KOH

Add phenolphthalein indicator

Heat aspirin solution to 80°C

Which of the following is NOT a use of proton pump inhibitors?

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Hypertension treatment

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Stress gastritis prevention

Why have drugs with general antimuscarinic activity not been successful in the treatment of peptic ulcers?

They have a short duration of action.

They increase gastric acid production.

They have unwanted systemic effects.

They are ineffective against Helicobacter pylori.

Which of the following is incorrect?

The stomach produces acids to help digest food.

Excess acid can lead to discomfort and indigestion.

Antacids are mildly alkaline and have a local effect.

Antacids protect the stomach lining by forming a mucous layer

All of the following are antischistosomal agents EXCEPT:

Praziquantel

Metrifonate

Hycanthone

Piperazine

Which statement about chloroquine is correct?

Still effective against all malaria species

Decreasing effectiveness due to resistance

Ineffective against blood forms

Never used against gametocytes

Treatment of asymptomatic carriers in Amoebiasis aims to:

Kill trophozoites

Block liver infection

Suppress immune system

Eradicate cysts

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of Ethambutol?

Optic neuritis

Peripheral neuropathy

Red-green color blindness

Renal toxicity

What are common side effects of Grisofulvin?

Seizures, tremors, and insomnia

GI upset, rash, photosensitivity

Headache and various CNS disturbances

B+C

What is the source of Amphotericin B?

Produced from plant extracts

Derived from bacteria

Natural from Streptomyces species

Synthetic from fungi

Estrogen is used in the treatment of which cancer?

Breast cancer in women

Prostate cancer

Ovarian cancer

Lung cancer

What is a common cause of the symptoms observed in psoriasis?

Bacterial infection

Slow turnover of the epidermis

Rapid turnover of the epidermis

Fungal infection

Which of the following is NOT a counter irritant commonly used for muscle or rheumatic pain?

Ibuprofen

Turpentine oil

Black mustard

Menthol

Which of the following is NOT true about the pharmacokinetics of vitamin B12?

It does not require intrinsic factor for absorption

Normal body stores are around 3 mg

It is synthesized in the small intestine by normal flora (5 mg/day)

Absorption depends on the presence of intrinsic factor

Which of the following conditions is treated with potassium?

Hyperkalemia

Digoxin toxicity

Hypertension

Hypocalcemia

Amino acid injections are useful in which of the following conditions?

Blood pressure regulation

Diabetes management

Pain relief

Nutritional support for patients unable to swallow

What does the antimicrobial spectrum refer to?

The types of infections treated by antibiotics

The number of bacteria that can cause infections

The concentration of a drug needed to kill bacteria

The range of bacteria that an antibiotic can affect

Clindamycin is especially effective for treating infections in which part of the body?

Lungs

Kidneys

Bones and joints

All of the above

Which ion inactivates tetracycline?

Sodium (Na⁺)

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

Potassium (K⁺)

Chloride (Cl⁻)

All of the following are characteristics of mucolytic action except:

Make phlegm less sticky and easier to cough up

Reducing viscosity

Can be used with steam inhalation to liquefy sputum

Frequently included in over-the-counter cough remedies

Which side effects are associated with Guaifenesin (Robitussin)?

Constipation and dry mouth

Dizziness and vomiting and Severe headaches

Nausea, GI upset, and drowsiness

Headache and skin rashes

All of the following are correct regarding the use of montelukast EXCEPT:

effective for short-term relief during an asthma attack

is a leukotriene antagonist

can be used as a preventive treatment for asthma

taken once daily

True or False : Locally acting drugs of skin can be applied to the skin but not to mucous membranes.

TRUE

FALSE

Interferon is used in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.

TRUE

FALSE

Which of the following are possible serious complications of oral contraceptives?

Breast tenderness

Skin dryness

Cardiovascular diseases

Eye dryness

Which of the following is a primary site of androgen secretion?

Skin glands

Adrenal medulla

Interstitial tissue of testes

Liver cells

Which sound indicates the proper formation of emulsion?

Crack sound

Tick tick sound

No sound

Buzzing sound

What is the most commonly used solvent in pharmaceutical solutions?

Alcohol

Purified water

Glycerin

Oil

All the following substances are safe with alkaloids EXCEPT:

None of the above

MgCO₃

SiO₂

MgO

Which sieve number is used after levigating each substance individually in the fusion method?

Sieve No. 40

Sieve No. 100

Sieve No. 60

Sieve No. 20

Solution tablets are mainly used to:

Treat acidity

Increase hardness

Prepare solutions before use

Which of the following Latin symbols is incorrectly explained?

t.i.d. — Three times daily

Solv. — Dissolve

Susp. — Suspension

Ac — After food

What is the correct action if the prescription is unclear?

Modify the prescription independently.

Contact the doctor.

Dispense the drug based on expertise.

Wait until the doctor visits the pharmacy.

Identify the incorrectly matched Latin abbreviation:

Emuls — Emulsion

Cont — Against

Ovul — Ovule

Garg — Gargle

Which dosage forms may lose water and dry out?

Creams

Pastes

Ointments

All of the above

Increasing solubility by using cosolvents or other methods can help reduce:

Clouding

Discoloration

Flavor loss

Volume expansion

How can crystallization problems in suspensions be minimized?

By using boiling water

By lowering the surface tension or adding polymers

By increasing the drug concentration

By freezing the suspension completely

All of the following are instability problems in capsules EXCEPT:

Change in appearance

Change in dissolution

Change in strength

Change in viscosity

What happens to Penicillin when given with Probenecid?

It is quickly excreted

It accumulates and becomes toxic

It becomes inactive

It is reabsorbed and lasts longer

How does temperature affect hydrolysis?

Stops oxidation

No effect

Reduces hydrolysis rate

Increases hydrolysis rate

The equation used in titration is:

MI×V1 = M2×V2

M/V = C×T

M+V = M/V

V1/M2 = M1×V2

Why is friability testing widely accepted in industry?

It replaces other tests

It ensures tablet performance under stress

It’s faster than hardness testing

It checks for microbial growth

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Electrons released from water enter the anode

Electrons leave the cathode during reduction

The amount of electrons entering and leaving the cathode is unequal

The two buffer chambers are interconnected

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Homopolymers involve only one type of monomer

Copolymers use multiple monomers

Polyethylene is a homopolymer made from ethylene

Copolymers use only identical chemical units

What instruction is written on all dispersing matters such as suspensions, emulsions, and aerosols?

Store in freezer

Do not exceed prescribed dose

Shake well before use

For external use only

What may happen to the drug or preservatives in contact with plastic?

They are neutralized

They are protected by plastic

They become more stable

They may be taken up from the product

What is the official medical name used in pharmacopoeias for basic active substances?

Brand name

Generic name

Trade name

Chemical name

Which of the following drugs would NOT be therapeutically incompatible with adrenaline?

Propranolol

Metoprolol

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

What happens when potassium-containing products are consumed during Digoxin therapy?

Heart muscle becomes protected

Potassium level decreases

Sodium level rises

Blood potassium increases, leading to toxicity

Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from:

Gas to solid

Liquid to gas

Solid to liquid

Liquid to solid

Which of the following is the percentage of yellow soft paraffin in ophthalmic ointment base?

70%

80%

90%

60%

Creams are similar to ointments in all of the following except:

Method of use

Preparation technique

Types of preservatives used

Type of base used

Rosiglitazone was suspended from use mainly due to:

Liver toxicity

Risk of hypoglycemia

Elevated cardiovascular risks

Severe allergic reaction

Pharmacists specializing in hospice pharmacy provide medications for patients in end-of-life care.

True

False

Which of the following is NOT a type of pharmacy?

Regulatory pharmacy

Home care pharmacy

Research pharmacy

mechanical pharmacy

What is the main responsibility of a pharmacist working in scientific medical promotion?

Diagnosing patients and prescribing medications.

Manufacturing new pharmaceutical products in laboratories.

Advising medical workers about pharmaceutical preparations.

Performing medical surgeries in hospitals.

Which of the following principles reflects the pharmacist's commitment to maintaining professional competence?

Pharmacists do not need to consult with other health professionals

Pharmacists can ignore developments in the pharmaceutical field if they have been practicing for years

Pharmacists should engage in continuous education to stay informed about new drugs and treatments

Pharmacists are not required to update their knowledge after graduation

Continuous professional development is not necessary for pharmacists after graduation

True

False

The Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia focuses only on drugs registered in the British Pharmacopoeia. False

True

False

The solution of alcohol in water is an example of a liquid solute in a liquid solvent

True

False

Increasing the surface area of a substance increases the rate of solubility

True

False

All of the following are uses of glycols except:

Can be taken internally without exceptions

Used in cosmetic preparations

Considered toxic except for propylene glycol

Used as solvents for certain drugs

Which of the following is a common emulsifying agent found in absorbent bases?

Stearic acid

Wool fat (Lanolin)

Vaseline

Glycerol

Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is directly bonded to which of the following atoms ?

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Flourine

All of the above

How do wetting agents function in surfactants?

They dissolve in oil and prevent water from interacting with solids.

They react with water and help draw it onto solid surfaces.

They work by forming a thick layer that blocks water penetration.

They repel both water and oil, preventing surface interactions.

All of the following are correct about why eye drops are used more than ointments except:

Eye drops have a faster effect than ointments

Eye drops mix better with the eye’s tears

Eye drops stay longer on the surface of the eye

Ointments are harder to apply compared to drops

Pharmacokinetics focuses on the direct therapeutic effect of the drug

True

False

The free (unbound) portion of a drug is the active form

True

False

Aerosols used through the mouth are mainly for:

Muscle pain

Asthma treatment

GIT ulcers

Skin infections

What is a major disadvantage of chloro-fluoro-carbons?

High toxicity

Poor solvent properties

Depletion of the ozone layer

Low pressure

Which property of aerosols helps in targeting a small area with a high drug concentration?

Fast and effective action

Slow release

GIT absorption

Colorfulness

What is the unit of hydrogen ion concentration?

g/ml

mol/L

mmol/L

°C

What is a polarimeter used for?

Measuring heat

Measuring refraction

Measuring rotation of polarized light

Measuring pH

All of the following happen during sublimation except:

Condensation first

Vapor-liquid equilibrium

Freezing first

Direct gas formation from solid

Which value is used to quantify the strength of a weak acid?

pH

pKa

pOH

Molarity (M)

Tools used in the experiment include:

Titration tools

Microscope

Colorimeter

Filter funnel

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